Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases
Volume 16, Issue 5 , Pages 187-193 , September 2007

Sex Differences in Stroke Evaluations in the Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study

Presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, San Diego, California, April 1–8, 2006.

  • Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
    • ,
  • Thomas G. Brott, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
    • ,
  • Robert D. Brown Jr, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
    • ,
  • Bradford B. Worrall, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
    • ,
  • Scott L. Silliman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Shands Healthcare/University of Florida, Jacksonville
    • ,
  • L. Douglas Case, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Salem, North Carolina
    • ,
  • Michael R. Frankel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
    • ,
  • Stephen S. Rich, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Salem, North Carolina
    • ,
  • James F. Meschia, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to James F. Meschia, MD, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224.

Received 12 December 2006 ,Accepted 14 March 2007.

References 

  1. Williams CA, Sheppard T, Marrufo M, et al. A brief descriptive analysis of stroke features in a population of patients from a large urban hospital in Richmond, Virginia, a city within the “stroke belt.”. Neuroepidemiology. 2003;22:31–36
  2. Niewada M, Kobayashi A, Sandercock PA, et al. International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group Influence of gender on baseline features and clinical outcomes among 17,370 patients with confirmed ischemic stroke in the international stroke trial. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;24:123–128
  3. Ayala C, Croft JB, Greenlund KJ, et al. Sex differences in US mortality rates for stroke and stroke subtypes by race/ethnicity and age, 1995-1998. Stroke. 2002;33:1197–1201
  4. Kent DM, Hill MD. Gender differences in tPA-related arterial recanalization. Stroke. 2005;36:2529
  5. Smith MA, Lisabeth LD, Brown DL, et al. Gender comparisons of diagnostic evaluation for ischemic stroke patients. Neurology. 2005;65:855–858
  6. Di Carlo A, Lamassa M, Baldereschi M, et al. European BIOMED Study of Stroke Care Group Sex differences in the clinical presentation, resource use, and 3-month outcome of acute stroke in Europe: Data from a multicenter multinational hospital-based registry. Stroke. 2003;34:1114–1119
  7. McGruder HF, Croft JB, Zheng ZJ. Characteristics of an “ill-defined” diagnosis for stroke: Opportunities for improvement. Stroke. 2006;37:781–789
  8. Meschia JF, Brott TG, Brown RD, et al. Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study The ischemic stroke genetics study (ISGS) protocol. BMC Neurol. 2003;3:4
  9. Adams H, Adams R, Del Zoppo G, et al. Stroke Council of the American Heart Association American Stroke Association Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: 2005 guidelines update a scientific statement from the stroke council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association [Erratum in: Stroke 2005;36:1626; Stroke 2005;36:1352]. Stroke. 2005;36:916–923
  10. Hack W, Kaste M, Bogousslavsky J, et al. European Stroke Initiative Executive Committee EUSI Writing Committee European stroke initiative recommendations for stroke management: Update 2003. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16:311–337
  11. Royal College of PhysiciansIntercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guidelines for stroke. 2nd ed.. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2004;
  12. Britton M, Hindmarsh T, Murray V, et al. Diagnostic errors discovered by CT in patients with suspected stroke. Neurology. 1984;34:1504–1507
  13. Salerno SM, Landry FJ, Schick JD, et al. The effect of multiple neuroimaging studies on classification, treatment, and outcome of acute ischemic stroke [Erratum in: Ann Intern Med 1996;125:428]. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:21–26
  14. Nattel S, Opie LH. Controversies in atrial fibrillation. Lancet. 2006;367:262–272
  15. Sagar G, Riley P, Vohrah A. Is admission chest radiography of any clinical value in acute stroke patients?. Clin Radiol. 1996;51:499–502
  16. Wolf PA, Clagett GP, Easton JD, et al. Preventing ischemic stroke in patients with prior stroke and transient ischemic attack: A statement for healthcare professionals from the stroke council of the American Heart Association. Stroke. 1999;30:1991–1994
  17. Lovett JK, Coull AJ, Rothwell PM. Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies. Neurology. 2004;62:569–573
  18. Abreu TT, Mateus S, Correia J. Therapy implications of transthoracic echocardiography in acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke. 2005;36:1565–1566
  19. Roquer J, Campello AR, Gomis M. Sex differences in first-ever acute stroke. Stroke. 2003;34:1581–1585
  20. Hsia AW, Sachdev HS, Tomlinson J, et al. Efficacy of IV tissue plasminogen activator in acute stroke: Does stroke subtype really matter?. Neurology. 2003;61:71–75
  21. Fiebach JB, Schellinger PD, Jansen O, et al. CT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in randomized order: Diffusion-weighted imaging results in higher accuracy and lower interrater variability in the diagnosis of hyperacute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2002;33:2206–2210
  22. Kidwell CS, Chalela JA, Saver JL, et al. Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA. 2004;292:1823–1830
  23. Horton SC, Bunch TJ. Patent foramen ovale and stroke [Erratum in: Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:279]. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:79–88
  24. Wipf JE, Lipsky BA. Atrial fibrillation: Thromboembolic risk and indications for anticoagulation. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:1598–1603
  25. Jackson C, Sudlow C. Comparing risks of death and recurrent vascular events between lacunar and non-lacunar infarction. Brain. 2005;128:2507–2517
  26. Mas JL, Arquizan C, Lamy C, et al. Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm Study Group Recurrent cerebrovascular events associated with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1740–1746
  27. Messe SR, Cucchiara B, Luciano J, et al. PFO management: Neurologists vs cardiologists. Neurology. 2005;65:172–173
  28. Labovitz AJ. Transesophageal echocardiography and unexplained cerebral ischemia: A multicenter follow-up study (The STEPS investigators: Significance of transesophageal echocardiography in the prevention of recurrent stroke). Am Heart J. 1999;137:1082–1087
  29. Sorescu D, Turk RJ, Cain M, et al. Clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic predictors of abnormal transesophageal findings in patients with suspected cardiac source of embolism. Am J Med Sci. 2003;326:31–34
  30. Dawn B, Hasnie AM, Calzada N, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography impacts management and evaluation of patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral embolism. Echocardiography. 2006;23:202–207
  31. Mathew ST, Gottdiener JS, Kitzman D, et al. Congestive heart failure in the elderly: The cardiovascular health study. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2004;13:61–68
  32. Adams PC, Cohen M, Chesebro JH, et al. Thrombosis and embolism from cardiac chambers and infected valves. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:76B–87B
  33. Vitebskiy S, Fox K, Hoit BD. Routine transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of cerebral emboli in elderly patients. Echocardiography. 2005;22:770–774
  34. Huber R, Muller BT, Seitz RJ, et al. Carotid surgery in acute symptomatic patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2003;25:60–67
  35. Chaturvedi S, Bruno A, Feasby T, et al. Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Carotid endarterectomy: An evidence-based review, report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2005;65:794–801
  36. Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Howlett-Smith H, et al. Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Trial Investigators Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1305–1316
  37. Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Weber M, Gefeller O, et al. Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: Incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes, a population-based study. Stroke. 2001;32:2735–2740
  38. Henneman PL, Lewis RJ. Is admission medically justified for all patients with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack?. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25:458–463
  39. Kapral MK, Fang J, Hill MD, et al. Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network Sex differences in stroke care and outcomes: Results from the registry of the Canadian stroke network. Stroke. 2005;36:809–814
  40. Dittrich R, Schmidt WP, Heidrich J, et al. Differences in the extent of diagnostic procedures after acute stroke in patients treated in departments of neurology, internal medicine and geriatric medicine. [in German] Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2005;73:68–73
  41. Quaglini S, Cavallini A, Gerzeli S, et al. GLADIS Study Group (Guideline Application for the Decision Making in Ischemic Stroke) Economic benefit from clinical practice guideline compliance in stroke patient management. Health Policy. 2004;69:305–315

 Supported by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (grant No. R01 NS42733 [Dr Meschia]).

PII: S1052-3057(07)00041-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.03.004

Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases
Volume 16, Issue 5 , Pages 187-193 , September 2007

Article Tools