Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases
Volume 16, Issue 5 , Pages 203-207 , September 2007

Evidence of the Peripheral Inflammatory Response in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack

  • Amy Miner Ross, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Ashland, Oregon
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Amy Miner Ross, PhD, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520.
    • ,
  • Patricia Hurn, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
    • ,
  • Nancy Perrin, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Ashland, Oregon
    • ,
  • Lisa Wood, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Ashland, Oregon
    • ,
  • Walter Carlini, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Medford Neurological and Spine Clinic, Medford, Oregon
    • ,
  • Kathleen Potempa, DNSc

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Received 21 July 2006 ,Accepted 9 May 2007.

References 

  1. Vila N, Castillo J, Davalos A, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines and early neurological worsening in ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2000;31:2323–2329
  2. Emsley H, Smith CJ, Garvin CM, et al. An early and sustained peripheral inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke: relationships with infection and atherosclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2003;139:93–101
  3. Castillo J, Moro MA, Blanco M, et al. The release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha is associated with ischemic tolerance in human stroke. Ann Neurol. 2003;54:811–819
  4. Grau AJ, Boddy AW, Dukovic DA, et al. CAPRIE Investigators Leukocyte count as an independent predictor of recurrent ischemic events. Stroke. 2004;35:1147–1152
  5. Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. (5th ed). New York: Garland; 2001;
  6. Prass K, Scharff A, Ruscher K, et al. Hypoxia-induced stroke tolerance in the mouse is mediated by erythropoietin. Stroke. 2003;34:1981–1986
  7. Smith CJ, Emsley HC, Vail A, et al. Variability of the systemic acute-phase response after ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2006;251:77–81
  8. Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easton JD, et al. Transient ischemic attack: proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1713–1716
  9. Hakim A. Could transient ischemic attacks have a cerebroprotective role?. Stroke. 1994;25:715–717
  10. Dirnagl U, Simon R, Hallenbeck JM. Ischemic tolerance and endogenous neuroprotection. Trends Neurosci. 2003;26:248–254
  11. Moncayo J, de Freitas GR, Bogousslavsky J, et al. Do transient ischemic attacks have a neuroprotective effect?. Neurology. 2000;54:2089–2094
  12. Rejdak R, Rejdak K, Siekluck-Dziuba M, et al. Brain tolerance and preconditioning. Polish J Pharmacol. 2001;5:73–79
  13. Schaller B, Graf R, Jacobs AH. Ischaemic tolerance: a window to endogenous neuroprotection?. Lancet. 2003;362:1007–1008
  14. Sitzer M, Foerch C, Neumann-Haefelin T, et al. Transient ischaemic attack preceding anterior circulation infarction is independently associated with favorable outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:659–660
  15. Wegener S, Gottschalk B, Jovanovic V, et al. MRI in Acute Stroke Study Group of the German Competence Network Transient ischemic attacks before ischemic stroke: preconditioning the human brain? (A multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study). Stroke. 2004;35:616–621
  16. Unal-Cevik I, Kilinc M, Can A, et al. Apoptotic and necrotic death mechanisms are concomitantly activated in the same cell after cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 2004;35:2189–2194
  17. Coull AJ, Silver LE, Giles MF, et al. Oxford Vascular (OXVASC) Study Direct assessment of completeness of ascertainment in a stroke incidence study. Stroke. 2004;35:2041–2047
  18. Coulter GEN·S System Reference Manual. Miami, FLA: Coulter Corp; 1988;
  19. H20-A reference leukocytes differential count (proportional) and evaluation of instrumental methods: approved standard. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1977.
  20. Montgomery J. Periodic review of reference intervals (vol. proc. GEN.056). In: Medford, OR: Rogue Valley Medical Center; 1998;p. 3
  21. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. (2nd ed). New York: Academic Press; 1988;
  22. University of California, Los Angeles, Statistics Department. Statistical calculators. Available at http://calculators.stat.ucla.edu/. Accessed September 30, 2005.
  23. US Census Bureau. State and County Quick Facts: Jackson County, Oregon. Available at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/41029.html. Accessed May 9, 2007.

PII: S1052-3057(07)00077-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.05.002

Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases
Volume 16, Issue 5 , Pages 203-207 , September 2007

Article Tools