Background
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Key Words
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular DiseasesReferences
- The co-occurrence of headache and musculoskeletal symptoms amongst 51 050 adults in Norway.Eur J Neurol. 2002; 9: 527-533
- Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems.JAMA. 2008; 299: 656-664
- Factors associated with care seeking from physicians, physical therapists, or chiropractors by persons with spinal pain: a population-based study.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011; 41: 467-476
- Use of chiropractic services from 1985 through 1991 in the United States and Canada.Am J Public Health. 1998; 88: 771-776
- Should we abandon cervical spine manipulation for mechanical neck pain? No.BMJ. 2012; 344: e3680
- Arterial dissections following cervical manipulation: the chiropractic experience.CMAJ. 2001; 165: 905-906
- Neurologists warn about link between chiropractic, stroke.CMAJ. 2002; 166: 794
- Cervical arterial dissections and association with cervical manipulative therapy: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke. 2014; 45: 3155-3174
- Incidence and outcome of cervical artery dissection: a population-based study.Neurology. 2006; 67: 1809-1812
- Spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries.N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 898-906
- A comparative analysis of chiropractic and general practitioner patients in North America: findings from the joint Canada/United States Survey of Health, 2002-03.BMC Health Serv Res. 2006; 6: 49
- Chiropractic manipulation and stroke: a population-based case-control study.Stroke. 2001; 32: 1054-1060
- Risk of vertebrobasilar stroke and chiropractic care: results of a population-based case-control and case-crossover study.Spine. 2008; 33: S176-S183
- Spinal manipulative therapy is an independent risk factor for vertebral artery dissection.Neurology. 2003; 60: 1424-1428
- Chiropractic care and the risk of vertebrobasilar stroke: results of a case-control study in U.S. commercial and Medicare Advantage populations.Chiropr Man Therap. 2015; 23: 19
- Cervical artery dissection: trauma and other potential mechanical trigger events.Neurology. 2013; 80: 1950-1957
- The problem of “protopathic bias” in case-control studies.Am J Med. 1980; 68: 255-258
- Protopathic bias in observational studies on statin effectiveness.Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009; 65: 1167-1168
- The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events.Am J Epidemiol. 1991; 133: 144-153
- Control sampling strategies for case-crossover studies: an assessment of relative efficiency.Am J Epidemiol. 1995; 142: 91-98
- Case-crossover analyses of air pollution exposure data: referent selection strategies and their implications for bias.Epidemiology. 2005; 16: 717-726
- Stata base reference manual.12th ed. Stata Press, College Station, Texas2011
- The association between cervical spine manipulation and carotid artery dissection: a systematic review of the literature.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2015; 38: 672-676
- Cervical-artery dissections: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and outcome.Lancet Neurol. 2009; 8: 668-678
- Pain as the only symptom of cervical artery dissection.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006; 77: 1021-1024
- The annual incidence and course of neck pain in the general population: a population-based cohort study.Pain. 2004; 112: 267-273
- Epidemiology of headache in an English district.Cephalalgia. 2003; 23: 129-137
- Risk factors and clinical features of craniocervical arterial dissection.Man Ther. 2011; 16: 351-356
- Cervical arterial dysfunction and manual therapy: a critical literature review to inform professional practice.Man Ther. 2008; 13: 278-288
- Examining vertebrobasilar artery stroke in two Canadian provinces.Spine. 2008; 33: S170-S175
- Case misclassification in studies of spinal manipulation and arterial dissection.J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 23: 2031-2035
- Re: Cai et al, Case misclassification in studies of spinal manipulation and arterial dissection (letter).J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015; 24: 901-902
- Infection and the risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissection: a case-control study.Stroke. 2003; 34: e79-e81
- A systematic review of the risk factors for cervical artery dissection.Stroke. 2005; 36: 1575-1580
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Funding: This study was supported by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (Grant number: 06278).
The opinions, results, and conclusions are those of the authors and no endorsement by the Ministry is intended or should be inferred.
Role of the funding source: The funding source had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing, or the decision to publish. The corresponding author had full access to all of the data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Competing interests: J.D.C., P.C., and S.H. have received fees for providing expert testimony in chiropractic malpractice court proceedings. J.D.C., E.B., and P.C. have received a research grant from the Canadian Chiropractic Protective Association to study the association between chiropractic care and the risk of cauda equina syndrome. J.D.C. has received a research grant from the National Chiropractic Insurance Company and the Canadian Chiropractic Protective Association to partially fund the Decade of the Bone and Joint 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. S.H. sits on the Clinical Advisory Board of Palladian Health. J.D.C. and E.B. have received research grants from the Danish Chiropractic Research Foundation and Postgraduate Education for projects unrelated to the current study. S.B. and S.H.-J. have no competing interests to declare.
Authors' contributions: J.D.C. was the principal investigator of the study. All authors contributed to the design and interpretation of the findings. E.B. was primarily responsible for the statistical analysis. J.D.C. and E.B. wrote the paper. All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
Identification
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.031
