Highlights
- •CBPE reduces ischemic cortical neurons of rats subject to ischemia and reperfusion;
- •CBPE reduces glial cell apoptotic activation after ischemia and reperfusion injury;
- •CBPE reduces neuronal ERK 1/2 activation after ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury results in cell
death by necrosis or apoptosis and triggers the activation of different intracellular
pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein activated kinases. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) peel, residue of a fruit from Brazilian savannah-like vegetation, has phenolic compounds
that have been demonstrated to have antioxidant effects in vitro. The present study
aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of C. brasiliense peel ethanolic extract (CBPE) against transient global I/R injury in the rat brain.
Global ischemia for 5, 20, and 45 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion caused a significant
time-dependent increase in the number of ischemic neurons (p ≤ 0.05); increased immunoreactivity
of cleaved caspase-3 (CASP3); and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase
(ERK) 1/2. Pretreatment with CBPE (600 mg/kg, oral) or vitamin E (0.6 mg, oral) for
30 days showed significant protection against acute brain injury induced by 20 and
45 min or 5 min of ischemia, respectively, by reducing the cortical ischemic neuron
count (p ≤ 0.05) and p-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity. In addition, active c-Jun N-terminal
kinase (JNK) immunoreactivity was reduced in animals not subjected to ischemia. Therefore,
we suggest an association between vitamin E and CBPE, which may generate a better
neuroprotective response. Interestingly, mainly in the hippocampus and oligodendrocytes,
high dose CBPE increase the number of isquemic neurons and of CASP3 immunoreactive
cells in animals subjected or not to ischemia, which was not verified in the vitamin
E group. Therefore, additional studies are recommended to verify the safety of the
continuous use of CBPE.
Graphical abstract
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 18, 2023
Accepted:
December 11,
2022
Received in revised form:
November 29,
2022
Received:
May 2,
2022
Identification
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106945
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
