Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 6, ISSUE 4, P195-197, April 1997

Download started.

Ok

Thrombolysis: Findings and lessons of the clinical trials

  • Patrick D. Lyden
    Correspondence
    Address reprint requests to Patrick D. Lyden, MD, Department of Neuroscience, UCSD Stroke Center, OPC 3rd Floor, Suite 3, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103-8466.
    Affiliations
    UCSD Stroke Center, University of California, San Diego, CA., USA
    Search for articles by this author
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Hacke W
        • Kaste M
        • Fieschi C
        • Toni D
        • Lesaffre E
        • von Kummer R
        • et al.
        Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS).
        JAMA. 1995; 274: 1017-1025
        • The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group
        Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.
        N Engl J Med. 1995; 333: 1581-1587
        • Kissel P
        • Chehrazi B
        • Seibert JA
        • Wagner FC
        Digital angiographic quantification of blood flow dynamics in embolic stroke treated with tissue-type, plasminogen activator.
        J Neurosurg. 1987; 67: 399-405
        • Zivin JA
        • Fisher M
        • DeGirolami U
        • Hemenway CC
        • Stashak KA
        Tissue plasminogen activator reduces neurological damage after cerebral embolism.
        Science. 1985; 230: 1289-1292
        • Zivin JA
        • Lyden PD
        • DeGirolami U
        • Kochhar A
        • Mazzarella V
        • Hemenway CC
        • et al.
        Tissue plasminogen activator. Reduction of neurologic damage after experimental embolic stroke.
        Arch Neurol. 1988; 45: 387-391
        • Lyden PD
        • Zivin JA
        • Clark WA
        • Madden KP
        • Sasse KC
        • Mazzarella VA
        • et al.
        Tissue plasminogen activator mediated thrombolysis of cerebral emboli and its effect on hemorrhagic infarction in rabbits.
        Neurology. 1989; 39: 703-708
        • Phillips DA
        • Fisher M
        • Smith TW
        • Davis MA
        Thrombolysis with tPA after experimental stroke.
        Ann Neurol. 1988; 23: 391-394
        • Lyden PD
        • Madden KP
        • Clark WM
        • Sasse KC
        • Zivin JA
        Incidence of cerebral hemorrhage after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase following embolic stroke in rabbits.
        Stroke. 1990; 21: 1589-1593
        • Clark WM
        • Madden KP
        • Lyden PD
        • Zivin JA
        Cerebral hemorrhagic risk of aspirin or heparin therapy with thrombolytic treatment in rabbits.
        Stroke. 1991; 22: 872-876
        • Lyden PD
        • Zivin JA
        Hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral ischemia: Mechanisms and incidence.
        Cerebrovasc Brain Met Rev. 1993; 5: 1-16
        • Brott TG
        • Haley Jr, EC
        • Levy DE
        • Barsan W
        • Broderick J
        • Sheppard GL
        • et al.
        Urgent therapy for stroke: part 1. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered within 90 minutes.
        Stroke. 1992; 23: 632-640
        • Haley Jr, EC
        • Levy DE
        • Brott TG
        • Sheppard GL
        • Wong MCW
        • Kongable GL
        • et al.
        Urgent therapy for stroke: part II. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered 91–180 minutes from onset.
        Stroke. 1992; 23: 641-645
        • Mori E
        • Yoneda Y
        • Tabuchi M
        • Yoshida T
        • Ohkawa S
        • Ohsumi Y
        • et al.
        Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute carotid artery territory stroke.
        Neurology. 1992; 42: 976-982
        • von Kummer R
        • Hacke W
        Safety and efficacy of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and heparin in acute middle cerebral artery stroke.
        Stroke. 1992; 23: 646-652
        • The t-PA acute Stroke Study Group
        An open multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of various doses of t-PA in patients with acute stroke: a progress report.
        Stroke. 1990; 21 ([abstract]): 181
        • Haley EC
        • Brott TG
        • Sheppard GL
        • Barsan W
        • Broderick J
        • Marler JR
        • et al.
        Pilot randomized trial of tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke.
        Stroke. 1993; 24: 1000-1004
        • Overgard K
        • Sperling B
        • Boysen G
        • Pedersen H
        • Gam J
        • Ellemann K
        • et al.
        Thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke: a Danish pilot study.
        Stroke. 1993; 24: 1439-1446
        • Donnan GA
        • Davis SM
        • Chambers BR
        • Gates PC
        • Hankey GJ
        • McNeil JJ
        • et al.
        Trials of streptokinase in severe acute ischaemic stroke.
        Lancet. 1995; 345: 578-579
        • Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial-Italy (MAST-I) Group
        Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke.
        Lancet. 1995; 346: 1509-1514
        • Hommel M
        • Boissel JP
        • Cornu C
        • Boutitle F
        • Lees KR
        • Besson G
        • et al.
        Termination of streptokinase in severe acute ischaemic stroke.
        Lancet. 1995; 345: 57
      1. Combined intra-arterial and intravenous tPA for stroke.
        Stroke. 1997; 28 (Emergeny Management of Stroke (EMS) Investigators: Atlanta, Cincinnati, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Portland, San Diego): 273
      2. Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke—summary statement.
        Neurology. 1996; 47 (Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology): 835-839
        • Adams Jr, HP
        • Brott TG
        • Furlan AJ
        • Gomez CR
        • Grotta J
        • Helgason CM
        • et al.
        Guidelines for thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke: a supplement to the guidelines for the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke.
        Circulation. 1996; 94: 1167-1174