Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 6, ISSUE 4, P221-226, April 1997

Download started.

Ok

Impairments, disabilities, and bases for neurological rehabilitation after stroke

  • Bruce H. Dobkin
    Correspondence
    Address reprint requests to Bruce Dobkin, MD, Neurologic Rehabilitation and Research Unit, Reed Neurologic Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Room B216, 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6975.
    Affiliations
    Neurologic Rehabilitation and Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Reed Neurologic Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA., USA
    Search for articles by this author
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Dobkin B
        The economic impact of stroke.
        Neurology. 1995; 45: S6-S9
        • Jorgensen H
        • Nakayama H
        • Raaschou H
        • et al.
        Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke. Part I: Outcome. The Copenhagen Stroke Study.
        Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995; 76: 406-412
        • Jorgensen H
        • Nakayama H
        • Raaschou H
        • et al.
        Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke. Part II: Time course. The copenhagen Stroke Study.
        Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995; 76: 406-412
        • Wade D
        • Langton Hewer R
        Functional abilities after stroke: measurement, natural history and prognosis.
        J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987; 50: 177-182
        • Wade D
        • Wood V
        • Heller A
        • et al.
        Walking after stroke.
        Scand J Rehabil Med. 1987; 19: 25-30
        • Wade D
        • Langton-Hewer R
        • David R
        • Enderby P
        Aphasia after stroke: natural history and associated deficits.
        J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986; 49: 11-16
        • Wade D
        • Wood V
        • Langton-Hewer R
        Recovery after stroke: the first 3 months.
        J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985; 48: 7-13
        • Jorgensen H
        • Nakayama H
        • Raaschou H
        • Olsen T
        Recovery of walking function in stroke patients: The Copenhagen Stroke Study.
        Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995; 76: 27-32
        • Gresham GE
        • Phillips TF
        • Wolf PA
        Epidemiologic profile of long-term stroke disability: The Framingham Study.
        Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1979; 61: 487-491
        • Nakayama H
        • Jorgensen H
        • Raaschou H
        • Olsen T
        Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: The Copenhagen Stroke Study.
        Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 75: 394-398
        • Perry J
        • Garrett M
        • Gromley J
        • Mulroy S
        Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population.
        Stroke. 1995; 26: 982-989
        • Satta N
        • Benson S
        • Reding M
        • Sagullo C
        Walking endurance is better than speed or FIM walking subscore for documenting ambulation recovery after stroke.
        Stroke. 1995; 26 ([abstract]): 192
        • Richards C
        • Malouin F
        • Wood-Dauphinee S
        The relationship of gait speed to clinical measures of function and muscle activations during recovery post stroke.
        in: Proceedings of the Second North American Congress on Biomechanics, Chicago. 2. 1992: 299-332
        • Pedersen P
        • Jorgensen H
        • Nakayama H
        • Raaschou H
        • Olsen T
        Aphasia in acute stroke: incidence, determinants, and recovery.
        Ann Neurol. 1995; 38: 659-666
        • Tatemichi T
        • Desmond D
        • Stern Y
        • et al.
        Cognitive impairment after stroke: frequency, patterns, and relationship to functional abilities.
        J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994; 57: 202-207
        • Kokmen E
        • Whisnant J
        • O'Fallon W
        • Beard C
        Dementia after ischemic stroke: a population based study in Rochester, Minn.
        Neurology. 1996; 46: 154-159
        • Hier D
        • Mondlock J
        • Caplan L
        Recovery of behavioral abnormalities after right hemisphere stroke.
        Neurology. 1983; 33: 337-350
        • Dobkin B
        The rehabilitation of elderly stroke patients.
        Clin Geriatr Med. 1991; 7: 507-522
        • Gresham C
        • Duncan P
        • Stason W
        • et al.
        Post-stroke rehabilitation: assessment, referral, and patient management.
        in: Clinical Practice Guideline No. 16. U.S. Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1995
        • Granger C
        • Hamilton B
        The Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation report of first admissions for 1992.
        Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 73: 51-55
        • Reding M
        • McDowell F
        Focused stroke rehabilitation programs improve outcome.
        Arch Neurol. 1989; 46: 700-701
        • Dobkin B
        Focused stroke rehabilitation programs do not improve outcome.
        Arch Neurol. 1989; 46: 701-703
        • Kalra L
        The influence of stroke unit rehabilitation on functional recovery from stroke.
        Stroke. 1994; 25: 821-825
        • Albert M
        • Bachman D
        • Morgan A
        • Helm-Estabrooks N
        Pharmacotherapy for aphasia.
        Neurology. 1988; 38: 877-879
        • Micoch A
        • Gupta S
        • Scolaro C
        • Moritz T
        Bromicriptine treatment of nonfluent aphasia.
        in: Annual meeting of the American Speech and Hearing Association. 1994
        • Small S
        Pharmacotherapy of aphasia.
        Stroke. 1994; 25: 1282-1289
        • Reding M
        • Solomon B
        • Borucki S
        Effect of dextroamphetamine on motor recovery after stroke.
        Neurology. 1995; 45: A222
        • Walker-Batson D
        • Smith P
        • Curtis S
        • Unwin H
        • Greenlee R
        Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke.
        Stroke. 1995; 26: 2254-2259
        • Crisostomo E
        • Duncan P
        • Propst M
        • Dawson D
        • Davis J
        Evidence that amphetamine with physical therapy promotes recovery of motor function in stroke patients.
        Ann Neurol. 1988; 23: 94-97
        • Fleet W
        • Valenstein E
        • Watson R
        • Heilman K
        Dopamine agonist therapy for neglect in humans.
        Neurology. 1987; 37: 1765-1770
        • Dobkin B
        Neurologic rehabilitation.
        in: Contemporary Neurology Series. vol 47. Davis, Philadelphia1996
        • Weiller C
        • Ramsay S
        • Wise R
        • Frackowiak R
        Individual patterns of functional reorganization in the human cerebral cortex after capsular infarction.
        Ann Neurol. 1993; 33: 181-189
        • Weiller C
        • Isensee C
        • Rijntjes M
        • et al.
        Recovery from Wernicke's aphasia: a positron emission tomographic study.
        Ann Neurol. 1995; 37: 723-732
        • Nudo R
        • Milliken G
        • Jenkins W
        • Merzenich M
        Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys.
        J Neurosci. 1996; 16: 785-807
        • Nudo RJ
        • Milliken GW
        Reorganization of movement representation in primary motor cortex following focal ischemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys.
        J Neurophysiol. 1996; 75: 2144-2149
        • Nudo R
        • Wise B
        • Sifuentes F
        • Milliken G
        Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct.
        Science. 1996; 272: 1791-1794
        • Kozlowski D
        • James D
        • Schallert T
        Use-dependent exaggeration of neuronal injury after unilateral sensorimotor cortex lesions.
        J Neurosci. 1996; 16: 4776
        • Jones T
        • Schallert T
        Overgrowth and pruning of dendrites in adult rats recovering from neocortical damage.
        Brain Res. 1992; 581: 156-160
        • Hodgson J
        • Roy R
        • Dobkin B
        • Edgerton V
        Can the mammalian spinal cord learn a motor task?.
        Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994; 26: 1491-1497
        • Jordan L
        Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms for the initiation of locomotion.
        in: Shimamura M Grillner S Edgerton V Neurobiological basis of human locomotion. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo1991: 3-20
        • Harkema S
        • Hurley S
        • Patel U
        • Dobkin B
        • Edgerton V
        Human lumbosacral spinal cord interprets loading during stepping.
        J Neurophysiol. 1997; 77: 797-811
        • Dobkin B
        • Harkema S
        • Requejo P
        • Edgerton V
        Modulation of locomotor-like EMG activity in subjects with complete and incomplete chronic spinal cord injury.
        J Neurol Rehabil. 1995; 9: 183-190
        • Hassid E
        • Rose D
        • Dobkin B
        • et al.
        Improved gait symmetry in hemiparetic patients during body weight-supported treadmill stepping.
        J Neurol Rehabil. 1997; 11: 21-26
        • Hesse S
        • Bertelt C
        • Jahnke M
        • Baake P
        • Mauritz K
        Treadmill training with partial body weight support compared with physiotherapy in nonambulatory hemiparetic patients.
        Stroke. 1995; 26: 976-981
        • Merzenich M
        • Recanzone G
        • Jenkins W
        • Nudo R
        How the brain functionally rewires itself.
        in: Arbib M Robinson J Natural and artificial parallel computations. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA1990: 170-198
        • Tuszynski M
        • Mafong E
        • Meyer S
        Central infusions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4/5, but not nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3, prevent loss of the cholinergic phenotype in injured adult motor neurons.
        Neuroscience. 1996; 71: 761-771
        • Grabowski M
        • Brundin P
        • Johansson B
        Functional integration of cortical grafts in brain infarcts of rats.
        Ann Neurol. 1993; 34: 362-368
        • Dobkin B
        Neuroplasticity: key to recovery after central nervous system injury.
        West J Med. 1993; 159: 56-60